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                <text>T, Brahmanandam</text>
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                <text>Bosu T, Babu</text>
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                <text>Scheduled Tribes have always been a geographically and socially isolated group in Indian society, besides being a culturally-economically marginalized society. Their areas were by and large sparsely populated and had evolved over centuries their own system of maintaining law and order. The British also allowed them to live according to their own way of life. The national leaders, however, were aware of their backwardness and were eager to take measures for their betterment.  As a result a few provisions were adopted in the Government of India Act 1935.During the post-Independence period, the policy makers have made sincere and concerted efforts for overall development of these groups both economically as well as educationally. Despite these efforts the performance of the tribal groups is much lower when compared to other marginalized groups like Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Castes. The available literature on tribal primary education suggests, most of the time the policymakers’ approach was only to develop a national curriculum instead of giving importance to their skill-oriented, practical capabilities which has impacted their life in a more serious manner.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/602/454</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 14 No. 4 (2015): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 127-144</text>
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                <text>State of Primary Education among Tribals: Issues and Challenges</text>
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                <text>K P Chandram, Vipin</text>
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                <text>Climate change is a global environmental problem which has been receiving intense political attention both at the domestic and international levels. Climate change is a human development issue which undermines expanding human potential, developing capabilities and enlarging freedom. I poses major obstacles to progress in meeting MDGs and maintaining progress raising the HDI. The present paper will focus on the specific issues related to the impacts on climate change on human development in India. Climate change is intimately linked to the broader sustainable development agenda to reduce poverty, child mortality and morbidity, and to ensure universal primary education for all children. Hence climate change is threatening the capacity of the country to attain the Millennium development goals by 2015. The study is mainly based on secondary data. The various sources include human development reports, UNDP reports, ADB reports, published and unpublished documents including journals, books, occasional publications, working papers, popular magazine and annual publications of social development organizations. Concerted action to strengthen key features of health systems and to promote sustainable and healthy development choices can enhance current health conditions as well as reduce vulnerability to future climate change. Efforts to address climate change adaptation needs should not take resources away from the core development needs and growth objectives of the developing countries. The present paper is an attempt in this regard.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/601</text>
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                <text>10.12724/ajss.35.6</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/601/453</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 14 No. 4 (2015): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 111-125</text>
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                <text>Climate Change</text>
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                <text>Impact of Climate Change on Human Development in India: Identifying Links and Need for Adaptation Strategies</text>
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                <text>N, Karunakaran</text>
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                <text>The main feature of the development of agriculture in Kerala in the last five decades is the change in cropping pattern and shift in cultivation, that is, shift in the cultivated area under food grain crops to non-food grain crops and shift in the cultivated area under one non-food grain crop to another non-food grain crop. The growth of agricultural crop output and productivity has been affected by many factors. The sources of output growth like area effect, yield effect and cropping pattern effect have relevance in deciding the programmes of agricultural development and priorities of investment in it. The growth of agricultural output in the state like that of other parts of India is influenced by the gross cropped area, productivity and level of prices. The increase in the agricultural crop output is decomposed into real and monetary components. The real component includes area effect, yield effect, cropping pattern effect and interaction effect. The monetary elements consist of the pure price effect, price yield effect, price cropping pattern effect and total interaction effect. From the analysis of thedecomposition of output growth into real and monetary components of Kerala agriculture in the last five decades, the general conclusions arrived at are: price factor is the major element in determining the relative contribution of different elements to the growth of crop output and the overall growth in the Kerala agriculture is monetary growth in nature rather than real growth.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/600</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/600/452</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 14 No. 4 (2015): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 89-109</text>
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                <text>Growth of Crop-output in Kerala–Is it Real or monetary?</text>
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                <text>In India urbanisation has increased from 27.81 per cent in 2001 to 31.16 per cent in 2011. The same trend has even continued in Karnataka also i.e. from 34 per cent in 2001 to 38.57 per cent in 2011. As Urban Local Bodies [ULBs] are the major service providers in urban areas, the disparities in their income, expenditure, and functional abilities are an index of regional disparities (HPCFRRI, 2002). The role of urban local bodies cannot be ignored. Hence, this study considers regional imbalance in the service level benchmarking of urban local bodies (ubls) in Karnataka. The result of the study shows that North Karnataka in general and Hyderabad Karnataka in particular are under developed in urban service level benchmarking alike the most of the sectors in the state. Hence, special attention is to be paid for this region both in planning and allocation of money. This study suggests that more powers should be given to Urban Local Bodies and its elected representatives. Further, a monitoring mechanism should be set up in lower performing sectors so that targets can be achieved.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/599/451</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3118">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2016 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 14 No. 4 (2015): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 59-87</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3121">
                <text>0000-0000</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Regional imbalance</text>
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                <text>Index</text>
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                <text>Expenditure</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Regional Imbalance in the Service Level Benchmarking of Urban Local Bodies (UBLS) in Karnataka</text>
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                <text>W, Ibrahim</text>
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                <text>Sheu A, Okunade</text>
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                <text>Several factors have hampered economic growth in Nigeria, though there has been improvement in the recent times. Nevertheless, it remains fragile and is not strong enough to significantly reduce the prevailing level of poverty in the country. Against this backdrop, the study investigates the relationship between foreign and domestic investment on Economic growth in Nigeria, during the period 1980-2013, using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The study finds out that foreign and domestic investment have a strong influence both in short and long run, on the economic growth of Nigeria. The result shows unidirectional long-run causality between domestic investments to real GDP in Nigeria. Also, there is unidirectional long-run causality between exchange rate and real GDP in Nigeria. The result implies that change in current GDP is better explained by domestic investment and exchange rate rather than national income, foreign direct investment and credit to private sector. Hence, the government may encourage foreign investors to invest in the high risk areas, where the domestic investment lacks the technology and experiences needed.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/598</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3089">
                <text>10.12724/ajss.35.3</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3090">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/598/450</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3093">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2016 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="3094">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3095">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 14 No. 4 (2015): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 41-58</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="3096">
                <text>0000-0000</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3097">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3098">
                <text>Foreign direct investment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="3099">
                <text>Domestic investment</text>
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                <text>Credit to private sector</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3101">
                <text>Exchange rate</text>
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                <text>National income and gross domestic product</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3103">
                <text>Analysis of Foreign and Domestic Investment on Economic Growth in Nigeria (1980-2013)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Dataset</name>
      <description>Data encoded in a defined structure. Examples include lists, tables, and databases. A dataset may be useful for direct machine processing.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3059">
                <text>Kundra, Sakul</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="3060">
                <text>Bhawna</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>French travellers and adventures of the 17th and the 18th centuries had shown immense interest to explore the medical knowledge of the Orient. This article systematically analyzes their observations and evaluation on different diseases, symptoms and effects on patients which helped the travellers and adventurers of the later times by providing medical precautions to be taken before sailing on a voyage to the Orient. This article, based on many translated and un-translated records written in the form of letters, memoirs and travelogues by the French, who visited India, focuses on the varied facets given by them on medical knowledge and history of the Orient. Undoubtedly, the Portuguese and the English travellers also provided interesting accounts on oriental diseases, symptoms and their therapies but those given by the French are yet to be explored in detail.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/597</text>
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                <text>10.12724/ajss.35.2</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/597/449</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3069">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2016 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="3070">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</text>
              </elementText>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3071">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 14 No. 4 (2015): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 17-40</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="3072">
                <text>0000-0000</text>
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                <text>0975-329X</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>French Travellers'</text>
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                <text>Treatises</text>
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                <text>Oriental Diseases</text>
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                <text>Indo-French Medical History</text>
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                <text>French Travellers’ Treatises on Oriental Diseases and Symptoms: Indo-French Medical History</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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          <element elementId="39">
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                <text>W, Ibrahim</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3036">
                <text>Sheu A, Okunade</text>
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                <text>Corruption is as aged as the existence of man and it exists in all sphere of human life. The  persistency  of  corruption  erodes  the  social  economic  value  of  a  nation. The study investigates the relationship between corruption and economic growth in Nigeria, in the period 1980-2013, using the VAR analysis. The study finds the existence of long-term relationship between corruption and unemployment growth on the economic growth of Nigeria. Also, the study found no short-term relationship in corruption and unemployment on economic growth. Hence, the result in the analysis shows that corruption positively has a strong influence on the output of Nigeria. So the rise in growth rate experienced in Nigeria is influenced by high corruption rate in the country, which is making the few rich to be richer, eradicating the middle class and making the poor to be poorer. Therefore, there is a need to develop political will to prosecute anyone found guilty of corruption irrespective of their position, tribe, religion or party affiliation. Such a punishment would also serve as a deterrent to others and help improve real economic growth and development.</text>
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                <text>https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/view/596</text>
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                <text>10.12724/ajss.35.1</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
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              <elementText elementTextId="3043">
                <text>Centre for Publications, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3045">
                <text>Copyright (c) 2016 Artha - Journal of Social Sciences</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3047">
                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 14 No. 4 (2015): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 1-16</text>
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                <text>0000-0000</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3049">
                <text>0975-329X</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Web 2.0 is an interactive medium that has paved the way for the democratization of news. News is no longer the domain of the elite who disseminate it to the masses via mass media. In the age of Web 2.0, where social media rules the roost, every individual is a content generator and a purveyor of information. News is now more viral than ever. Facebook with over a hundred million users in India is the most popular social networking site in India. People use Facebook to connect, like, share and comment on everything from politics to culture to religion and so on. They also use it to disseminate news that they connect with on a personal level; along with their opinions on the same. This way, they become creators and transmitters of information.The Kiss of Love movement is a non-violent protest against moral policing which began when a Facebook page called 'Kiss of love' asked the youth across Kerala to participate in a protest against moral policing on 2nd November, 2014, at Marine Drive, Cochin. The controversial movement has snowballed into a mass movement which has spread into other states. A campaign of this magnitude has been made possible due to viral diffusion of news, information and comments on Facebook. This study uses quantitative and qualitative tools to study the diffusion of news with regard to the Kiss of Love movement through Facebook in an attempt to shed more light on the diffusion process of information through social media.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 14 No. 3 (2015): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 39-55</text>
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                <text>Diffusion of News through Social Media with Reference to the Kiss of Love Movement on Facebook</text>
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                <text>A study conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation in the United States during the turn of the millennium showed that children in America spent almost five hours watching television and two hours in front of the computer. As recently as June 2010, the World Summit on Media for Children and Youth held in Karlstad, Sweden held sway on the topic- ‘Towards the new global vision for children, youth and media’. Alberto Pellai, the Summit keynote speaker (representing the department of Public Health at the University Degli Studi Di Milano, Italy) touched upon the need for media education emphasizing on media content that had to educate and help in the growth and development of children rather than mislead the beliefs and value system of children. Statistics reveal new media as being a strong contender for top spot of favoured past time among children. It no longer surprises people that the time spent by children on new media usage has tripled in the last ten years in the US (Kaiser Family Foundation report). Children in urban India from all accounts are no different from their American counterparts. This trend needs to be pondered, debated and questioned. The researcher would like to explore the different issues related to children and new media usage from an urban perspective since new media is more accessible to urban Indians for obvious reasons- finance, socio-cultural readiness towards new, innovative medium of communication (new media) and educational background. Through interactive sessions with school students, parents and teachers the researcher would like to find out- why children use new media, the content used by children, parent perception of new media usage by their children, teacher’s view on new media usage by students. According to Bagman, a popular blogger, there are two kinds of people, “Whenever there is a question of a new medium, there are those who are excited because of it and those who are wary of it.” The researcher too, through this paper, would like to know which way people in urban India are inclined. </text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 14 No. 3 (2015): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 21-37</text>
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                <text>Language is used by writers in multiple ways to effectively convey the writer’s vision. This paper explores the Ghanian novelist Ayi Kwei Armah’s novel The Beautiful Ones Are Not Yet Bornand its layered use of language. How effectively can the realist mode portray a sense of deep despair? What are the layered levels at which language and narration must function to achieve the wrenching impact the author seeks to impart? What visual imagery or symbolic language can a writer use to convey the unconveyable? How can such elements be woven seamlessly into a realistic narrative? This paper examines some of these questions, and attempts to unravel the multiple ways in which descriptive language, revolting metaphors and nauseating scatological imagery are employed in the text.</text>
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                <text>Artha Journal of Social Sciences; Vol. 14 No. 3 (2015): Artha Journal of Social Sciences; 13-20</text>
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